Sport in Society Essay Example for Free

Sport in Society Essay In this assignment I will be introducing and explaining how sport effects the economy in the U. K and how important the sport industry is; focusing on Football and tennis. The definition of economy is: â€Å"The state of a county or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money† (Oxford dictionary) My definition of economy in sporting terms is: When I read the above definition I interpret it as; the production is the development of players both tennis and football. I also see it as the development of the club and the merchandising of all the products linked with football and tennis. I interpret consumption as the use of player, this can be the buying and selling of players in football, the amount of money that is brought in by tennis players is then put back into the development of young players. My overall understanding of economy is that clubs buy and spend the money that they gain from selling players (football). Each year the government put a certain amount of money into sport, to pay for facilities; equipment and much more. Since London won the bid to hold the 2012 Olympics the government have pumped in a lot of money into it; however the budget for the Olympics has just increased. â€Å"Culture secretary Tessa Jowell has announced an increased budget for the London 2012 games of ? 9. 3bn. The funding will now include ? 6. 75m more from the national lottery, bringing its contribution to ? 2. 2bn. The arts council England, heritage lottery fund and sports England were among groups who were disappointed at the increase. Ms Jowell said she planned to transfer 3425million from the big lottery fund and ? 250 million from other good causes after 2009. Sport England, which will lose ? 55. 9m in funding, said the decrease was a ‘real blow to community sport in England’ (BBC news). There are two types of different sporting people; professionals and amateurs. Professionals: Is an athlete that receives money for their performance, this is a set payment for the year, or however long their contract is for. In the last couple of years professional women have started getting paid the same as professional men. An example of a professional in football is David beckham who gets ? 16. 9 million a year. (Guardian 19/1/07) It was announced that â€Å"premiership footballers are to pocket a record ? 1. 1million average wage next session. † (Daily mirror, Thursday may 31st 2007). Amateurs: Is an athlete that takes part in sport out of pure passion. Amateurs get paid for winning a competition unlike a professional. An example of an amateur in tennis is Naomi Cavaday she got paid $100,000 for winning a tournament in Mumbai. (British tennis Lta) The split between professionals and amateurs happened in the Victorian period (1830- 1901) (class notes) Consumer spending: Consumer spending is a huge part to sport and advertising the club. Football is one of the biggest sellers of all time; they sell anything that you can think of. When looking on the official Liverpool F. C site, I was able to have a look at everything that you can buy for the team there is; the teams home and away kit; t-shirts/ bottoms/hoodies for men, women and babies; badges and key rings; books; flags and pennants; subscriptions; scarves; glassware; jewellery; mugs; stationary; toys and games; DVD/video/audio; footballs; caps and hats; bedroom (such as bedding, carpets, lamp shades etc); watches/clocks; bags; bathroom (towels and flannels); car accessories; pictures; baby accessories (bottles, dummies, rattles etc); gifts and misc (golf balls, dog bowl and lead, socks, phone charms, I-pod covers, and much more.) (Liverpool F. C shop. ). â€Å"For the United Kingdom as a whole in 2001, consumer spending on sport was ? 14. 98billion which represented 2. 4% of total consumer spending. † (Pch) When comparing this to consumer spending in 2006 there is a very big difference. â€Å"U. K consumers spent an estimated ? 9. 7bn on sport in 2006. This figure covers the cost of participation (including club sub-subscriptions), sports equipment, sports clothing, sports footwear and admissions to live sporting events. The ? 9. 7bn is only 1. 2% of total consumer spending. † (Market research) This consumer spending is set to rocket between 2007-2011, due to the football world cup, rugby world cup and the 2012 Olympics. Gambling: Although gambling is linked to consumer spending, as it accounts to how much each household is sending each year. There is a massive gambling market in the U. K, this accounts for mega events such as the F. A cup, the football / rugby world cup and Wimbledon. â€Å"Screen digest forecasts that U. K consumers spending online gambling will increase from the ? 660million to ? 1. 6bn in 2010. At the same time the number of active U. K clients will grow from 1. 1m in 2005 to 2. 1m in 2010. † (Screen digest. ) Sponsorship: Is a commercial deal that brings itself or a product to the attention of consumers. Advertising is the most frequent method used. It announces the availability of a product and creates a good image for a brand. It also provides information on a product, quality, characteristics, prices and performance. Sponsorship is important as not only does it give the sponsor recognition but it also provides money for the athlete and the sponsor. The Oxford mail newspaper sponsors the local boy’s league, which includes local football teams such as the Cholsey bluebirds, Didcot and Abingdon A. (Cholsey blue birds, pageys) â€Å"the total value of Premiership football shirt sponsorship[ deals is set to hit 370m a year next season, up 25% from the current season and about tenfold since the league’s inaugural season in 1992-93. † (Football economy) Andy Murray gets ? 200k in sponsorship: ?1m from David Lloyd ?1m for his left sleeve/cm2 ?250k for his racket (head) ?1m for his watch (tag hever) ?4m for his right sleeve (R. B. S)?1m for wearing Fred Perry. (Guardian Dec. 30 ’06) Private clubs: The United Kingdom’s leading health-club operators include David Lloyd, fitness first and Holmes place. (Market research) The closest David Lloyd centre is Oxford, for both tennis and football they hold regular clubs and training sessions. Tennis: world class facilities; ladder league; men’s and women’s teams; regular club nights, coaching and match play sessions. Football: on a Monday night at 7 o’clock our outdoor courts convert into excellent 5-a-side pitches for which we have weekly competitions for teams or individuals. (David Lloyd. ) Income received by participation sports activities in the private sector is ? 133 million (sport England PDF) Funding: Funding is money which is raised from various sources to help pay for new ventures such as new facilities and equipment in sport. Funding is a big part of sport, because if we didn’t have funding then we wouldn’t be able to play sports as there would be no facilities, equipment etc. â€Å"The south east receives about ? 120m in sport related grants; about ? 13 per person of this ? 106m comes from local and central government. About ? 14m is from the lottery. (Sport England 2000 PDF) Funding from the F. A is based on an 11 side team, how many teams enter the league, and is based on ? 10 per 11 aside team. The minimum grant is ? 200 and the maximum is ? 800. (The F. A) Since sport England lottery fund began in 1995, tennis has received 568 awards, totalling in excess of ? 87million towards improving tennis playing facilities in the community. (Sport England PDF). Previous funding: YearNationalCommunity 1995-1996? 0? 6,013,989 1996-1997? 0? 5,395,101 1997-1998? 0?4,441,582 1998-1999? 37,188? 12,911,549 1999-2000? 0? 30,821,126 2000-2001? 0? 4,852,807 2001-2002? 0? 14,052,789 2002-2003? 0? 8,154,732 2003-2004? 0? 2,453,348 Note: national funding is a total of Exchequer funding and the world class programme. Community funding is a total of the following programmes: Community Capital, safer sports grounds, active communities development fund, all active sports programmes, community athletics refurbishment programme, football youth development, school sport coordinators, sport action zones and awards for all. (Sport England tennis PDF) Retail and merchandising: Retail and merchandising account for everything that a household may buy each year, this can be anything from tickets, T. V fees, internet fees, the clothes industry and personal sports which go towards equipment and match fees. â€Å"In total households are estimated to have spent around ? 2. 1bn on sport related goods and services in 2000. This was some 2 ? % of total household spending. The main categories of spending are subscriptions and fees (? 560m), sportswear (? 435m) and gambling (? 375m). Only around ? 125m was spent by those in the region on admissions to spectator sports. (Sport England PDF) Media / T. V: There is a wide range of media that covers sports such as: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, adverts and much more. Sports in newspapers varies as to what paper you read, for example; in the Sunday times from May 20th 2007, there was 4 stories inside the paper about sport however also included in the paper was 32 page paper dedicated to what has gone on over the weekend, it also includes stories as to what will be happening later on in that week. In the daily mirror from June 7th 2007, there is a section on the front page about the England game against Estonia, from then on to page 59 there is nothing about sport; from page 60 which is horse racing results etc, it starts talking about sports, altogether there is 13 pages of sport in which football dominates 8 of the pages which includes the back page. There is no mention of tennis in that paper, this may be because there isn’t a tennis event happening at the moment. Along with newspapers there is also a huge amount of T. V channels that are dedicated to sports: sky sports 1 -3 sky sports news sky sports extra British Eurosports Eurosports 2 Premiership plus PPV Events 1-2 Extreme sports Manchester United TV NASN Sport At the races Racing U. K Setanta 1-2 Celtic TV Rangers TV Set golf Motors TV Chelsea TV Participation: There are so many different sports clubs to take part in, whether they are at school or at the local leisure centre each year more and more people are joining sports clubs in a bid to keep fit. â€Å"Around 863,000 people participate in organised sports clubs, which have an annual income of around ? 550 million. † (Sport England PDF) In 2005 USTA and the tennis industry association said: â€Å"24. 7m Americans are playing tennis, the most since 1992. Participation grew by 1. 1m players, up 4. 1% vs. 2004† â€Å"5. 8m new players began playing the game in 2005. † (Nrpa, tennis) In 2000 60% of males under 16 took part in football, 17% of females over 16 took part in football and 6% of all adults took part in football. (Football academy) Employment: There are so many sports related jobs in the U. K, when the class was asked how may of them worked in a sports related or non sports related job the results were: Sport related jobNon sport related jobNo-job 5101 (Table taken from class notes) There are so many different things that you can be employed for in both football and Tennis, the players themselves, officials, mangers, couches, doctors. â€Å"74,900 people are employed in sport related activities in the south east, some 2% of all employment in the region. † (Sport England PDF).

The Push out of Texas Essays -- History Settlement Papers

The Push out of Texas A rich part of American history takes place in Texas around the early to middle part of the nineteenth century. During this time period, Texas became a region of American settlement. The price to pay for that settlement, however, ranged on a variety of levels for the different cultures and races of people living there. During this time period, three different groups of people lived in this region. These groups included the Cherokee Indians, Mexicans, and European settlers. Before times of conflict, these three ethnic groups coexisted on the land in peace. However, the Mexican-American War of 1836 changed the region of Texas. After the war, the American settlers pushed for the removal of the Mexicans and Cherokee Indians off the land through the use of force and deceit. One of the groups of people to endure the price of discrimination, violence, and hatred, just to become American citizens, were the Mexican-Americans. The lives of the Tejanos, or Texas Mexicans, were abused and disgraced religiously, economically, politically, and morally due to the prejudices of the southern states and the Mexican War. The name itself, Mexican-Americans, defines these people as citizens of the United States who can trace their ancestry or history back to Mexico. In the nineteenth century, a dominant characteristic of the Mexican-Americans was their cherished Roman Catholic faith. During the Texas Revolution, Texan rebels knew that one way to infuriate the Tejanos was to destroy their places of worship. A good example of the rage can be seen at the site of Fannin’s Massacre, which took place in a town named La Bahia, Texas. This town was once an important port with thousands of residents. After the destruction ... ...Texas. Library of Congress. 1964. Gregory, Jack. Sam Houston with the Cherokees. University of Texas Press. 1967. Jones, Oakah L. Santa Anna. Twayne Publisher, Inc. New York, New York. Montejano, David. Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1987: 15-99. Moore, Francis Jr. Map and Description of Texas 1840. New York: Tanner and Disturnel, 1840. Presley, James. â€Å"Santa Anna’s Invasion of Texas: A Lesson in Command.† Arizona and the West. 10(3) (October, 1968). 241-252. "Rethinking History and the Nation-State, Mexico and the United States as a Case Study." The Journal of American History. Sept. 1999: 439-455. Rosenbaum, Robert J. History of Mexican Americans in Texas. Boston: American Press, 1980. Treaty of 1836: (http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/txcherind/thompson-mccoy_chickasawchoctaw/1836.html)

Nommo and the Bible

Nommo and the Bible A Comparison and Contrast of the Character Names in The Poisonwood Bible Barbara Kingslover writes a book entitled, The Poisonwood Bible that explore the effects one culture has on another. The four daughters; Rachel, Leah, Adah, and Ruth May, at birth are given names suitable and fitting to their personalities, as well as new Kikongo names which describe the girls’ attitudes towards the people in the Congo. A principal of the Congolese belief system, suggests that the girls have grown into their names, causing their specific type of people interaction.The eldest daughter of the four is Rachel Price. In the Bible, the person named Rachel is described as more beautiful than her sister Leah (Genesis Ch. 29-35). In the Poisonwood Bible, Rachel Price is the most appealing than the other three siblings. Rachel’s Kikongo name is Mvula, which refers to a pale white termite that only comes out after it rains. Back home, Rachel was beautiful and her pale skin was desirable. Now, Tata Ndu (chief of the village) wanted to marry Rachel because her skin is ugly to the Congolese women causing his wives to feel better about themselves.Rachel Price did not want to be around the Congolese people, and stayed inside her house snuggled up with her own vanity. Leah and Adah Price are twins and the middle children of the family in the Poisonwood Bible. Leah, in the Bible, was tricked into marrying the man Rachel loved by their evil father (Genesis 29: 21-28). In both instances, Rachel and Leah were deceived by their father causing them to become unable of having a true sisterly bond with one another. In Kikongo, Leah is called Leba, meaning â€Å"fig tree† (148). The Congolese do Leah a favor by not calling her Leah, because the Kikongo translation for Leah means â€Å"nothing much† (148).Anatole has special names for all the girls and he calls Leah â€Å"beene-beene† which means â€Å"the truest truth† (396). It is clear he has respect for Leah. â€Å"Benduka† is Adah Price’s Kikongo name; it means â€Å"crooked walker†. Adah Price was born with the use of only one side of her body causing a perpetual limp. In the Bible, Adah is a minor character that could be the wife of two men (Genesis 4:19). In the book, Adah goes back in forth between her two â€Å"men† or beliefs; she either believes in science, or God. Adah is also overlooked when the fire ants attacked their village; her own mother felt her behind (306).Orleanna did not favor Adah, causing her to be a â€Å"minor† member in the family. The youngest and most innocent of the Price children is Ruth May. She is given the name of Bandu in the kikongo language, meaning â€Å"the reason for everything† and â€Å"the littlest one on the bottom. † Orleanna (the mother) values Ruth May the most of her four children. All of Orleanna’s narratives are meant for Ruth May. In the Bible, Ruth is a cha racter who helped soldiers when they needed it, she was a friend. The translation of the word Ruth in Hebrew means â€Å"companion† (â€Å"Origin and Meaning of Baby Names†).The word ruth in English, mean grief; for Orleanna, she felt much grief when Ruth May died. An entire book of the Bible describes Ruth, and an entire character dedicates what she says to Ruth May. The Kikongo word â€Å"nommo† is â€Å"the force that makes things live as what they are† (209); it is â€Å"a song, a poem, a scream, a prayer, a name†(210). It refers to the belief that naming something gives it its nature – a man is a man because that is what he is named, whereas a rabbit is not a man because that is not what he is named. Nommo says you do not have a life until you are named; your name makes you who you are.Would Rachel Price be less vain and beautiful if her name were not Rachel Rebekkah? Nommo says, yes, she would be a different person. Kingslover’s approach to identifying the characters in The Poisonwood Bible, maintains the focus on who each person is and who they are meant to be. The names give us hints as to what each person’s personality will be. Also, the names can allude to biblical references that help define what the character’s relationships with others are. Nommo and their birth names combined adequately describe each girl and their actions.

Nature vs Nurture - Michael Jackson - 2224 Words

Edexcel Level 3 BTEC Diploma Health and Social Care Unit 4 Development through the life stages D1 Evaluate how nature –nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for two stages of development of the individual. Nature * Voice * Ability to move * Appearance Nurture * Characteristics * Shyness * Being abused at a young age * Appearance In this assignment I will be explaining how nature and nurture are involved in Michael Jackson’s development of his childhood and adulthood. I will start of by explain what is meant by Intellectual, Social, Physical and Emotional development. Then I will carry on explaining the different events that occurred in Michael Jackson’s life†¦show more content†¦Some may say that the determination to do well came from his father Joseph and how he pushed him to succeed in life. This type of personal attribute can be seen as genetic as it is father who pushed him to be successful and have this need to do bigger and better things like for instance his performances. Michael Jacksons performance progressed into bigger and better things due to the fact that he was self-confessed workaholics which are possible treats inherited from his father. Both his brothers and his father had also had a music talent. However, it can also be seen as his environment and experiences of why Michael Jackson was so into becoming a music legend. Michael Jackson used his music as a therapeutic way of transcending his personal struggles. He believed that music is a mantra to the soul which shows that he used his music as a way of moving on from any experiences that he had suffered from. His surroundings in the music industry helped him to do this successfully, his determination to move on from his experiences lead him to one of the most successful music careers in the industry. 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